App Sandbox is an access control technology provided in macOS, enforced at the kernel level. It is designed to contain damage to the system and the user's data if an app becomes compromised. Apps distributed through the Mac App Store must adopt App Sandbox. Apps signed and distributed outside of the Mac App Store with Developer ID can (and in most cases should) use App Sandbox as well.
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Download nik silver efex pro for mac for free. Design & Photo downloads - Silver Efex Pro 2 by Nik Software, Inc and many more programs are available for instant and free download. How to Manually Remove Silver Sparrow Virus From Mac OSX? (Steps) Step 1 Uninstall Silver Sparrow Virus related apps or potentially unwanted apps from Mac OSX. In Finder window, clicking 'Applications' in the sidebar; In the applications folder, right-click on Silver Sparrow Virus related apps or other suspicious apps and click Move to Trash. Silverlight means Business. SAP is the world's largest business software company. For their Business ByDesign product, SAP utilized Silverlight's powerful.NET programming model and familiar Visual Studio tools to rapidly develop a visually compelling and easy to use application.
At a Glance
Complex systems will always have vulnerabilities, and software complexity only increases over time. No matter how carefully you adopt secure coding practices and guard against bugs, attackers only need to get through your defenses once to succeed. While App Sandbox doesn't prevent attacks against your app, it does minimize the harm a successful one can cause.
A non-sandboxed app has the full rights of the user who is running that app, and can access any resources that the user can access. If that app or any framework it is linked against contain security holes, an attacker can potentially exploit those holes to take control of that app, and in doing so, the attacker gains the ability to do anything that the user can do.
Designed to mitigate this problem, the App Sandbox strategy is twofold:
App Sandbox enables you to describe how your app interacts with the system. The system then grants your app the access it needs to get its job done, and no more.
App Sandbox allows the user to transparently grant your app additional access by way of Open and Save dialogs, drag and drop, and other familiar user interactions.
App Sandbox is not a silver bullet. Apps can still be compromised, and a compromised app can still do damage. But the scope of potential damage is severely limited when an app is restricted to the minimum set of privileges it needs to get its job done.
App Sandbox is Based on a Few Straightforward Principles
By limiting access to sensitive resources on a per-app basis, App Sandbox provides a last line of defense against the theft, corruption, or deletion of user data, or the hijacking of system hardware, if an attacker successfully exploits security holes in your app. For example, a sandboxed app must explicitly state its intent to use any of the following resources using entitlements:
Hardware (Camera, Microphone, USB, Printer)
Network Connections (Inbound or Outbound)
App Data (Calendar, Location, Contacts)
User Files (Downloads, Pictures, Music, Movies, User Selected Files) Beerylife mac os.
Access to any resource not explicitly requested in the project definition is rejected by the system at run time. If you are writing a sketch app, for example, and you know your app will never need access to the microphone, you simply don't ask for access, and the system knows to reject any attempt your (perhaps compromised) app makes to use it.
On the other hand, a sandboxed app has access to the specific resources you request, allows users to expand the sandbox by performing typical actions in the usual way (such as drag and drop), and can automatically perform many additional actions deemed safe, including:
Invoking Services from the Services menu
Reading most world readable system files
Opening files chosen by the user
The elements of App Sandbox are entitlements, container directories, user-determined permissions, privilege separation, and kernel enforcement. Working together, these prevent an app from accessing more of the system than is necessary to get its job done.
Relevant chapters:App Sandbox Quick Start, App Sandbox in Depth
Design Your Apps with App Sandbox in Mind
After you understand the basics, look at your app in light of this security technology. First, determine if your app is suitable for sandboxing. (Most apps are.) Then resolve any API incompatibilities and determine which entitlements you need. Finally, consider applying privilege separation to maximize the defensive value of App Sandbox.
Xcode Helps You Migrate an Existing App to App Sandbox
Some file system locations that your app uses are different when you adopt App Sandbox. In particular, you gain a container directory to be used for app support files, databases, caches, and other files apart from user documents. Xcode and macOS support migration of files from their legacy locations to your container.
Relevant chapter:Migrating an App to a Sandbox
Preflight Your App Before Distribution
After you have adopted App Sandbox in your app, as a last step each time you distribute it, double check that you are following best practices.
How to Use This Document
To get up and running with App Sandbox, perform the tutorial in App Sandbox Quick Start. Before sandboxing an app you intend to distribute, be sure you understand App Sandbox in Depth. When you're ready to start sandboxing a new app, or to convert an existing app to adopt App Sandbox, read Designing for App Sandbox. If you're providing a new, sandboxed version of your app to users already running a version that is not sandboxed, read Migrating an App to a Sandbox. Finally, before distributing your app, work through the App Sandbox Checklist to verify that you are following best practices for App Sandbox.
Prerequisites
Before you read this document, make sure you understand the overall macOS development process by reading Mac App Programming Guide.
See Also
To complement the damage containment provided by App Sandbox, you must provide a first line of defense by adopting secure coding practices throughout your app. To learn how, read Security Overview and Secure Coding Guide.
An important step in adopting App Sandbox is requesting entitlements for your app. For details on all the available entitlements, see Entitlement Key Reference.
You can enhance the benefits of App Sandbox in a full-featured app by implementing privilege separation. You do this using XPC, a macOS implementation of interprocess communication. To learn the details of using XPC, read Daemons and Services Programming Guide.
Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2016-09-13
Your Mac provides several tools to help you identify it. The simplest is About This Mac, available by choosing About This Mac from the Apple menu in the upper-left corner of your screen. The other is the System Information app. Learn how to use these tools to identify your Mac.
If you don't have your Mac or it doesn't start up, use one of these solutions instead:
- Find the serial number printed on the underside of your Mac, near the regulatory markings. It's also on the original packaging, next to a barcode label. You can then enter that serial number on the Check Coverage page to find your model.
- The original packaging might also show an Apple part number, such as MQD32xx/A ('xx' is a variable that differs by country or region). You can match the Apple part number to one in the list below to find your model.
List of MacBook Air models
MacBook Air models are organized by the year they were introduced, starting with the most recent. Click the model name for detailed technical specifications.
MacBook Air models from 2013 and newer can run the latest version of macOS. For older models, the latest compatible operating system is noted.
2020
MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir10,1
Part Numbers: MGN63xx/A, MGN93xx/A, MGND3xx/A, MGN73xx/A, MGNA3xx/A, MGNE3xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
User Guide: MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir9,1
Part Numbers: MVH22xx/A, MVH42xx/A, MVH52xx/A, MWTJ2xx/A, MWTK2xx/A, MWTL2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
User Guide: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
2019
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir8,2
Part Numbers: MVFH2xx/A, MVFJ2xx/A, MVFK2xx/A, MVFL2xx/A, MVFM2xx/A, MVFN2xx/A, MVH62xx/A, MVH82xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
User Guide: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
2018
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir8,1
Part Numbers: MRE82xx/A, MREA2xx/A, MREE2xx/A, MRE92xx/A, MREC2xx/A, MREF2xx/A, MUQT2xx/A, MUQU2xx/A, MUQV2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
User Guide: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
2017
MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir7,2
Part Numbers: MQD32xx/A, MQD42xx/A, MQD52xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017) The race: bank robbery mac os.
2015
MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir7,2
Part Numbers: MJVE2xx/A, MJVG2xx/A, MMGF2xx/A, MMGG2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir7,1
Part Numbers: MJVM2xx/A, MJVP2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
User Guide: MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
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2014
MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir6,2
Part Numbers: MD760xx/B, MD761xx/B
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
By limiting access to sensitive resources on a per-app basis, App Sandbox provides a last line of defense against the theft, corruption, or deletion of user data, or the hijacking of system hardware, if an attacker successfully exploits security holes in your app. For example, a sandboxed app must explicitly state its intent to use any of the following resources using entitlements:
Hardware (Camera, Microphone, USB, Printer)
Network Connections (Inbound or Outbound)
App Data (Calendar, Location, Contacts)
User Files (Downloads, Pictures, Music, Movies, User Selected Files) Beerylife mac os.
Access to any resource not explicitly requested in the project definition is rejected by the system at run time. If you are writing a sketch app, for example, and you know your app will never need access to the microphone, you simply don't ask for access, and the system knows to reject any attempt your (perhaps compromised) app makes to use it.
On the other hand, a sandboxed app has access to the specific resources you request, allows users to expand the sandbox by performing typical actions in the usual way (such as drag and drop), and can automatically perform many additional actions deemed safe, including:
Invoking Services from the Services menu
Reading most world readable system files
Opening files chosen by the user
The elements of App Sandbox are entitlements, container directories, user-determined permissions, privilege separation, and kernel enforcement. Working together, these prevent an app from accessing more of the system than is necessary to get its job done.
Relevant chapters:App Sandbox Quick Start, App Sandbox in Depth
Design Your Apps with App Sandbox in Mind
After you understand the basics, look at your app in light of this security technology. First, determine if your app is suitable for sandboxing. (Most apps are.) Then resolve any API incompatibilities and determine which entitlements you need. Finally, consider applying privilege separation to maximize the defensive value of App Sandbox.
Xcode Helps You Migrate an Existing App to App Sandbox
Some file system locations that your app uses are different when you adopt App Sandbox. In particular, you gain a container directory to be used for app support files, databases, caches, and other files apart from user documents. Xcode and macOS support migration of files from their legacy locations to your container.
Relevant chapter:Migrating an App to a Sandbox
Preflight Your App Before Distribution
After you have adopted App Sandbox in your app, as a last step each time you distribute it, double check that you are following best practices.
How to Use This Document
To get up and running with App Sandbox, perform the tutorial in App Sandbox Quick Start. Before sandboxing an app you intend to distribute, be sure you understand App Sandbox in Depth. When you're ready to start sandboxing a new app, or to convert an existing app to adopt App Sandbox, read Designing for App Sandbox. If you're providing a new, sandboxed version of your app to users already running a version that is not sandboxed, read Migrating an App to a Sandbox. Finally, before distributing your app, work through the App Sandbox Checklist to verify that you are following best practices for App Sandbox.
Prerequisites
Before you read this document, make sure you understand the overall macOS development process by reading Mac App Programming Guide.
See Also
To complement the damage containment provided by App Sandbox, you must provide a first line of defense by adopting secure coding practices throughout your app. To learn how, read Security Overview and Secure Coding Guide.
An important step in adopting App Sandbox is requesting entitlements for your app. For details on all the available entitlements, see Entitlement Key Reference.
You can enhance the benefits of App Sandbox in a full-featured app by implementing privilege separation. You do this using XPC, a macOS implementation of interprocess communication. To learn the details of using XPC, read Daemons and Services Programming Guide.
Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2016-09-13
Your Mac provides several tools to help you identify it. The simplest is About This Mac, available by choosing About This Mac from the Apple menu in the upper-left corner of your screen. The other is the System Information app. Learn how to use these tools to identify your Mac.
If you don't have your Mac or it doesn't start up, use one of these solutions instead:
- Find the serial number printed on the underside of your Mac, near the regulatory markings. It's also on the original packaging, next to a barcode label. You can then enter that serial number on the Check Coverage page to find your model.
- The original packaging might also show an Apple part number, such as MQD32xx/A ('xx' is a variable that differs by country or region). You can match the Apple part number to one in the list below to find your model.
List of MacBook Air models
MacBook Air models are organized by the year they were introduced, starting with the most recent. Click the model name for detailed technical specifications.
MacBook Air models from 2013 and newer can run the latest version of macOS. For older models, the latest compatible operating system is noted.
2020
MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir10,1
Part Numbers: MGN63xx/A, MGN93xx/A, MGND3xx/A, MGN73xx/A, MGNA3xx/A, MGNE3xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
User Guide: MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir9,1
Part Numbers: MVH22xx/A, MVH42xx/A, MVH52xx/A, MWTJ2xx/A, MWTK2xx/A, MWTL2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
User Guide: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
2019
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir8,2
Part Numbers: MVFH2xx/A, MVFJ2xx/A, MVFK2xx/A, MVFL2xx/A, MVFM2xx/A, MVFN2xx/A, MVH62xx/A, MVH82xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
User Guide: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
2018
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
Colors: Space gray, gold, silver
Model Identifier: MacBookAir8,1
Part Numbers: MRE82xx/A, MREA2xx/A, MREE2xx/A, MRE92xx/A, MREC2xx/A, MREF2xx/A, MUQT2xx/A, MUQU2xx/A, MUQV2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
User Guide: MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
2017
MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir7,2
Part Numbers: MQD32xx/A, MQD42xx/A, MQD52xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017) The race: bank robbery mac os.
2015
MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir7,2
Part Numbers: MJVE2xx/A, MJVG2xx/A, MMGF2xx/A, MMGG2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir7,1
Part Numbers: MJVM2xx/A, MJVP2xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
User Guide: MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
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2014
MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir6,2
Part Numbers: MD760xx/B, MD761xx/B
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2014)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir6,1
Part Numbers: MD711xx/B, MD712xx/B
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2014)
User Guide: MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2014)
2013
MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2013)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir6,2
Part Numbers: MD760xx/A, MD761xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2013)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2013)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2013)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir6,1
Part Numbers: MD711xx/A, MD712xx/A
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2013)
User Guide: MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2013)
2012
MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2012)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir5,2
Part Numbers: MD231xx/A, MD232xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: macOS Catalina 10.15.7
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2012)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2012)
Mac Os Catalina
MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2012)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir5,1
Part Numbers: MD223xx/A, MD224xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: macOS Catalina 10.15.7
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2012)
User Guide: MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2012)
2011
MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir4,2
Part Numbers: MC965xx/A, MC966xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: macOS High Sierra 10.13.6
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011)
User Guide: MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir4,1
Part Numbers: MC968xx/A, MC969xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: macOS High Sierra 10.13.6
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011)
User Guide: MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011)
2010
MacBook Air (13-inch, Late 2010)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir3,2
Part Numbers: MC503xx/A, MC504xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: macOS High Sierra 10.13.6
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (13-inch, Late 2010)
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MacBook Air (11-inch, Late 2010)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir3,1
Part Numbers: MC505xx/A, MC506xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: macOS High Sierra 10.13.6
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (11-inch, Late 2010)
Mac Os Versions
2009
Silver Cyberfox Mac Os X
MacBook Air (Mid 2009)
Model Identifier: MacBookAir2,1
Part Numbers: MC505xx/A, MC233xx/A, MC234xx/A
Newest compatible operating system: OS X El Capitan 10.11.6
Tech Specs: MacBook Air (Mid 2009)
